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1
Antigen recognition and the immune response. Humoral and cellular immune responses to small mono- and bifunctional antigen molecules.抗原识别与免疫反应。对小型单功能和双功能抗原分子的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。
J Exp Med. 1972 Jun 1;135(6):1228-46. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.6.1228.
2
Antigen structural requirements for immunoglobulin isotype switching in mice.小鼠免疫球蛋白同种型转换的抗原结构要求。
J Exp Med. 1980 Dec 1;152(6):1670-83. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.6.1670.
3
Antigen recognition and the immune response. "Self-help" with symmetrical bifunctional antigen molecules.抗原识别与免疫反应。对称双功能抗原分子的“自助”作用。
J Exp Med. 1972 Dec 1;136(6):1478-83. doi: 10.1084/jem.136.6.1478.
4
The specificity of cellular immune responses in guinea pigs. I. T cells specific for 2,4-dinitrophenyl-o-tyrosyl residues.豚鼠细胞免疫反应的特异性。I. 对2,4-二硝基苯基-o-酪氨酰残基特异的T细胞
J Exp Med. 1975 Jan 1;141(1):42-55. doi: 10.1084/jem.141.1.42.
5
Carrier function in anti-hapten immune responses. I. Enhancement of primary and secondary anti-hapten antibody responses by carrier preimmunization.载体在抗半抗原免疫反应中的作用。I. 载体预免疫增强初次和二次抗半抗原抗体反应。
J Exp Med. 1970 Aug 1;132(2):261-82. doi: 10.1084/jem.132.2.261.
6
Carrier function in anti-hapten immune responses. II. Specific properties of carrier cells capable of enhancing anti-hapten antibody responses.载体在抗半抗原免疫反应中的作用。II. 能够增强抗半抗原抗体反应的载体细胞的特异性特性。
J Exp Med. 1970 Aug 1;132(2):283-99. doi: 10.1084/jem.132.2.283.
7
Stimulation and inhibition of anti-hapten responses in guinea pigs immunized with hybrid liposomes.用杂交脂质体免疫豚鼠后对抗半抗原反应的刺激与抑制
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Nov;72(11):4582-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4582.
8
Antigen recognition and the immune response. Structural requirements in the side chain of tyrosine for immuno-genicity of L-tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate.抗原识别与免疫反应。L-酪氨酸-偶氮苯胂酸盐免疫原性中酪氨酸侧链的结构要求。
J Exp Med. 1972 Aug 1;136(2):387-91. doi: 10.1084/jem.136.2.387.
9
Kinetics and clonal restriction of the anti-dinitrophenyl antibody response to dinitrophenyl-6-amino-caproyl-L-tyrosine-azobenzene-p-arsonate in guinea pigs.
J Immunol. 1974 Mar;112(3):883-9.
10
p-Azobenzenearsonate-L-tyrosine-mediated helper function in immune responses of guinea pigs and rats.对氨基苯砷酸-L-酪氨酸介导的豚鼠和大鼠免疫反应中的辅助功能
Eur J Immunol. 1975 Apr;5(4):262-6. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830050409.

引用本文的文献

1
Idiotype profile of an immune response. I. Contrasts in idiotypic dominance between primary and secondary responses and between IgM and IgG plaque-forming cells.免疫应答的独特型谱。I. 初次应答与再次应答之间以及IgM和IgG噬斑形成细胞之间独特型优势的对比。
J Exp Med. 1981 May 1;153(5):1173-86. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.5.1173.
2
Activation specificity of arsonate-reactive T cell clones. Structural requirements for hapten recognition and comparison with monoclonal antibodies.砷酸盐反应性T细胞克隆的激活特异性。半抗原识别的结构要求及与单克隆抗体的比较。
J Exp Med. 1984 Feb 1;159(2):479-94. doi: 10.1084/jem.159.2.479.
3
Arsonate-specific murine T cell clones. I. Genetic control and antigen specificity.砷酸盐特异性小鼠T细胞克隆。I. 遗传控制与抗原特异性。
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4
Structural relationships between carrier epitopes and antigenic epitopes on hen egg-white lysozyme.鸡卵清溶菌酶上载体表位与抗原表位之间的结构关系。
Immunology. 1982 May;46(1):145-54.
5
Characterization of immunogenic properties of haptenated liposomal model membranes in mice.小鼠中半抗原化脂质体模型膜免疫原性特性的表征
Immunology. 1981 Feb;42(2):233-9.
6
Antigen structural requirements for immunoglobulin isotype switching in mice.小鼠免疫球蛋白同种型转换的抗原结构要求。
J Exp Med. 1980 Dec 1;152(6):1670-83. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.6.1670.
7
Antigen recognition and the immune response. Structural requirements in the side chain of tyrosine for immuno-genicity of L-tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate.抗原识别与免疫反应。L-酪氨酸-偶氮苯胂酸盐免疫原性中酪氨酸侧链的结构要求。
J Exp Med. 1972 Aug 1;136(2):387-91. doi: 10.1084/jem.136.2.387.
8
Immune responses against native and chemically modified albumins in mice. I. Analysis of non-thymus-processed (B) and thymus-processed (T) cell responses against methylated bovine serum albumin.小鼠针对天然及化学修饰白蛋白的免疫反应。I. 对甲基化牛血清白蛋白的非胸腺处理（B）细胞和胸腺处理（T）细胞反应分析
J Exp Med. 1972 Dec 1;136(6):1616-30. doi: 10.1084/jem.136.6.1616.
9
Antigen recognition and the immune response. "Self-help" with symmetrical bifunctional antigen molecules.抗原识别与免疫反应。对称双功能抗原分子的“自助”作用。
J Exp Med. 1972 Dec 1;136(6):1478-83. doi: 10.1084/jem.136.6.1478.
10
Idiotype connectance in the immune system. II. A heavy chain variable region idiotope that dominates the antibody response to the p-azobenzenearsonate group is a minor idiotope in the response to trinitrophenyl group.免疫系统中的独特型连接。II. 一种在针对对氨基苯砷酸盐基团的抗体应答中占主导地位的重链可变区独特位，在针对三硝基苯基基团的应答中是次要独特位。
J Exp Med. 1985 Jan 1;161(1):53-71. doi: 10.1084/jem.161.1.53.

本文引用的文献

1
Azoproteins. II. A spectrophotometric study of the coupling of diazotized arsanilic acid with proteins.偶氮蛋白。II. 重氮化对氨基苯胂酸与蛋白质偶联的分光光度研究。
J Biol Chem. 1960 Apr;235:1051-4.
2
Azoproteins. I. Spectrophotometric studies of amino acid azo derivatives.偶氮蛋白。I. 氨基酸偶氮衍生物的分光光度研究。
J Biol Chem. 1959 Jul;234(7):1726-30.
3
Thiolysis of some dinitrophenyl derivatives of amino acids.氨基酸某些二硝基苯基衍生物的硫解作用
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Oct 26;29(2):178-83. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(67)90583-9.
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The deblocking of t-butyloxycarbonyl-peptides with formic acid.用甲酸去除叔丁氧羰基肽
Tetrahedron Lett. 1967 Aug;31:3031-3. doi: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)90909-2.
5
Production of hapten-specific delayed sensitivity with low molecular weight conjugates.用低分子量结合物产生半抗原特异性迟发型超敏反应。
Nature. 1966 Jul 16;211(5046):246-8. doi: 10.1038/211246a0.
6
Immunochemical study of antigenic specificity in delayed hypersensitivity. V. Immunization with monovalent low molecular weight conjugates.迟发型超敏反应中抗原特异性的免疫化学研究。V. 单价低分子量缀合物免疫接种
J Exp Med. 1966 Feb 1;123(2):229-37. doi: 10.1084/jem.123.2.229.
7
The immunogenicity of dinitrophenyl amino acids.二硝基苯基氨基酸的免疫原性。
J Exp Med. 1969 Nov 1;130(5):1123-43. doi: 10.1084/jem.130.5.1123.
8
Studies on the relation of a prior immune response to immunogenicity.关于先前免疫反应与免疫原性之间关系的研究。
Immunology. 1967 Dec;13(6):577-83.
9
Chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins.肽和蛋白质的化学合成
Annu Rev Biochem. 1970;39:841-66. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.39.070170.004205.
10
Antigen recognition and the immune response: the capacity of L-tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate to serve as a carrier for a macromolecular hapten.抗原识别与免疫反应：L-酪氨酸-偶氮苯胂酸盐作为大分子半抗原载体的能力。
J Immunol. 1971 Aug;107(2):353-8.

抗原识别与免疫反应。对小型单功能和双功能抗原分子的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。

Antigen recognition and the immune response. Humoral and cellular immune responses to small mono- and bifunctional antigen molecules.

作者信息

Alkan S S, Williams E B, Nitecki D E, Goodman J W

出版信息

J Exp Med. 1972 Jun 1;135(6):1228-46. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.6.1228.

DOI:10.1084/jem.135.6.1228
PMID:4112562
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2139174/
Abstract

L-Tyrosine azobenzene-p-arsonate (RAT) induced cellular immunity without antibody production in guinea pigs. Bifunctional antigens were prepared consisting of one RAT carrier moiety linked either directly to a dinitrophenyl (DNP) haptenic determinant or through one or more 6-amino-caproyl (SAC) spacers. Each SAC unit has an extended span of 8 A. Guinea pigs immunized with these conjugates developed cellular immunity directed against the RAT determinant and antibody specific for the DNP determinant. The anti-DNP response was the same with one or three SAC spacers, but was significantly weaker when the two determinants were joined without a spacer. Animals immunized with either DNP-SAC-TYR or DNP-TYR developed neither cellular nor humoral immunity. Prior immunization with RAT potentiated the secondary anti-hapten response to DNP-SAC-RAT. Modification of RAT at either the arsonate or tyrosine positions showed that other charged groups (sulfonate and trimethylammonium) could substitute for arsonate without loss of immunogenicity. Removal of either the amino or carboxyl group from the side chain of tyrosine did not abolish immunogenicity, but immunogenicity was lost upon removal of both. Immunization with symmetrical bifunctional RAT-(SAC)(n)-RAT and cyclo-(L-RAT-D-RAT) antigens led to cellular immunity but no anti-arsonate antibody, suggesting a barrier to "self-help." These compounds were also ineffective in inducing a secondary anti-arsonate response in animals primed with arsonate-BSA conjugates and RAT.

摘要

L-酪氨酸偶氮苯-对-胂酸酯（RAT）在豚鼠中诱导了细胞免疫而未产生抗体。制备了双功能抗原，其由一个RAT载体部分直接连接到二硝基苯基（DNP）半抗原决定簇或通过一个或多个6-氨基己酰基（SAC）间隔臂组成。每个SAC单元具有8埃的延伸跨度。用这些缀合物免疫的豚鼠产生了针对RAT决定簇的细胞免疫和对DNP决定簇特异的抗体。使用一个或三个SAC间隔臂时抗DNP反应相同，但当两个决定簇无间隔臂连接时反应明显较弱。用DNP-SAC-TYR或DNP-TYR免疫的动物既未产生细胞免疫也未产生体液免疫。预先用RAT免疫可增强对DNP-SAC-RAT的二次抗半抗原反应。在胂酸酯或酪氨酸位置对RAT进行修饰表明，其他带电基团（磺酸盐和三甲基铵）可替代胂酸酯而不丧失免疫原性。从酪氨酸侧链去除氨基或羧基均不会消除免疫原性，但两者均去除后免疫原性丧失。用对称双功能RAT-(SAC)(n)-RAT和环-(L-RAT-D-RAT)抗原免疫导致细胞免疫但无抗胂酸酯抗体，提示存在“自身辅助”障碍。这些化合物在用胂酸酯-BSA缀合物和RAT致敏的动物中诱导二次抗胂酸酯反应时也无效。