The Effects and Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Bone Remodeling: From Laboratory to Clinic.

Decades of research and applications have demonstrated that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has a certain therapeutic effect on diseases involving bone remodeling. LIPUS operates in a pulsed-wave mode at low intensity, ensuring efficient transmission of acoustic energy to target tissues, thereby providing non-invasive physical stimulation for therapeutic purposes. Bone remodeling refers to the dynamic renewal process of bone tissue that is jointly completed by multiple cells in the bone metabolic microenvironment. LIPUS influences the basic biological processes of bone remodeling in the skeletal system through mechanical, piezoelectric, and thermal effects on bone tissue, triggering a series of biochemical reactions. This article begins with the discovery of ultrasound and research on bone remodeling, introduces the basic parameters and application devices of LIPUS, and reviews the clinical applications of and basic research on LIPUS in bone remodeling disorders. Focusing on the intersection and integration of biomedical fundamentals and ultrasound science, it analyzes the biological and physical mechanisms of LIPUS in research on and applications of bone remodeling disorders and investigates the basic research questions and clinical transformation application scenarios in this field.