Bahar N Tugba, Tahmaseb-McConatha Jasmin, Lang Frieder R
Institute of Psychogerontology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstr. 62, Nuremberg, 90408, Germany.
Department of Health Care Services, Vocational High School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, 28049, Turkey.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Oct 31;25(1):3707. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24954-9.
The purpose of this study was to explore the risk and protective factors for depression in the context of gender and ethnicity, with a particular focus on the role of social relationships and subjective health, by comparing older Turkish immigrants living in Germany with a matched sample of German nonimmigrant older adults with similar sociodemographic characteristics.
The study participants included 195 Turkish immigrants and 195 older German natives (75+). Participants were administered questionnaires on depression, subjective health, and social relationships.
Ethnicity, subjective health and perceived social support were the main predictors of depression: Turkish immigrants and women scored higher levels of depressive symptoms than their nonimmigrant and male counterparts. High levels of satisfaction with friendships, perceived social support, and subjective health were found to play a protective role against depressive symptoms in both groups. Family satisfaction moderated the relationship between ethnicity and depression: low family satisfaction was associated with a greater risk of depression in the Turkish sample but not in the German sample. Received social support also moderated the effect of gender and ethnicity on depression. Receiving greater support was related to a higher risk of depression in Turkish and German women, but to a lesser degree in Turkish men and was not observed in German men.
The findings indicated that appraisals and mental health effects of receiving support differed by both ethnicity and gender. Family satisfaction varied by ethnicity and played a moderating role in depression. Future research may focus on the basis of differences in depression in old age.
本研究的目的是通过比较居住在德国的土耳其老年移民与具有相似社会人口学特征的德国非移民老年人匹配样本，探讨在性别和种族背景下抑郁症的风险和保护因素，特别关注社会关系和主观健康的作用。
研究参与者包括195名土耳其移民和195名德国本土老年人（75岁及以上）。参与者接受了关于抑郁症、主观健康和社会关系的问卷调查。
种族、主观健康和感知到的社会支持是抑郁症的主要预测因素：土耳其移民和女性的抑郁症状得分高于非移民和男性同龄人。在两组中，对友谊的高度满意度、感知到的社会支持和主观健康对抑郁症状起到了保护作用。家庭满意度调节了种族与抑郁症之间的关系：在土耳其样本中，低家庭满意度与更高的抑郁症风险相关，但在德国样本中则不然。获得的社会支持也调节了性别和种族对抑郁症的影响。在土耳其和德国女性中，获得更多支持与更高的抑郁症风险相关，但在土耳其男性中程度较小，在德国男性中未观察到这种情况。
研究结果表明，接受支持的评价和心理健康影响因种族和性别而异。家庭满意度因种族而异，并在抑郁症中起调节作用。未来的研究可能聚焦于老年抑郁症差异的基础。
