Panduro Arturo, Roman Sonia, Leal-Mercado Leonardo, Cardenas-Benitez Juan P, Mariscal-Martinez Irene M
Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico.
Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
World J Hepatol. 2025 Oct 27;17(10):109092. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i10.109092.
Genomic medicine has evolved significantly, merging centuries of scientific progress with modern molecular biology and clinical care. It utilizes knowledge of the human genome to enhance disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and potential reversal. Genomic medicine in hepatology is particularly promising due to the crucial role of the liver in several metabolic processes and its association with diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and cardiovascular conditions. The mid-20 century witnessed a paradigm shift in medicine, marked by the emergence of molecular biology, which enabled a deeper understanding of gene expression and regulation. This connection between basic science and clinical practice has enhanced our knowledge of the role of gene-environment interactions in the onset and progression of liver diseases. In Latin America, including Mexico, with its genetically diverse and admixed populations, genomic medicine provides a foundation for personalized and culturally relevant health strategies. This review highlights the need for genomic medicine, examining its historical evolution, integration into hepatology in Mexico, and its potential applications in the prevention of chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of training in genomic literacy and interdisciplinary education in medical training, particularly in the field of hepatology, with a focus on genomic medicine expertise.
基因组医学已经取得了显著发展，它将几个世纪的科学进步与现代分子生物学及临床医疗相结合。它利用人类基因组知识来加强疾病预防、诊断、治疗及可能的逆转。肝脏在多个代谢过程中起着关键作用，且与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病、2型糖尿病、肝硬化和心血管疾病等病症相关，因此肝脏病学中的基因组医学前景尤为广阔。20世纪中叶见证了医学领域的范式转变，其标志是分子生物学的出现，这使得人们能够更深入地理解基因表达和调控。基础科学与临床实践之间的这种联系加深了我们对基因-环境相互作用在肝脏疾病发生和发展中作用的认识。在包括墨西哥在内的拉丁美洲，其人群具有遗传多样性和混合性，基因组医学为个性化且与文化相关的健康策略奠定了基础。本综述强调了基因组医学的必要性，审视了其历史演变、在墨西哥肝脏病学中的整合情况以及其在慢性病预防中的潜在应用。它强调了在医学培训中，尤其是在肝脏病学领域，进行基因组素养培训和跨学科教育的重要性，重点是基因组医学专业知识。
