Christie D
Med J Aust. 1977 Sep 17;2(12):398-400. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1977.tb114570.x.
The early diagnosis of breast cancer by screening is a relatively new development in medical practice and its enthusiastic acceptance needs to be tempered by an appraisal of the costs, the risks and the potential benefits. No case can be made at present for screening well women under the age of 50 years, when such screening includes mammography. With the exception of women who have already had cancer in one breast, it is likely that those women under 50 with the associated "risk factors" are better managed by careful attention to breast self-examination and more frequent physical examinations. Provided that the radiation dose is less than one rad per examination, the benefits to women over 50 outweigh the risks of radiation-induced breast cancer. Against this must be placed the very large cost to the community of screening programmes and the relatively low additional benefits gained by incorporation of mammography into the screening process.
通过筛查早期诊断乳腺癌是医学实践中一项相对较新的进展，在评估其成本、风险和潜在益处时，需要冷静看待对它的热情接受。目前，对于50岁以下的健康女性进行包括乳房X线摄影在内的筛查尚无充分理由。除了一侧乳房已患癌症的女性外，50岁以下伴有相关“风险因素”的女性，通过仔细的乳房自我检查和更频繁的体格检查可能会得到更好的管理。只要每次检查的辐射剂量小于1拉德，对50岁以上女性的益处就超过辐射诱发乳腺癌的风险。但与此相对的是，筛查项目给社会带来的巨大成本，以及将乳房X线摄影纳入筛查过程所获得的相对较低的额外益处。
