Weinberger M
J Pediatr. 1978 Jan;92(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80058-4.
Theophylline has become useful not just as an acute bronchodilator, but also as a major prophylactic agent for the suppression of symptoms of chronic asthma. Efficacy and toxicity both relate closely to serum concentration. Variable elimination rates for the drug among individuals require careful individualization of dosage guided by measurement of serum theophylline concentration to maintain safe and effective serum theophylline concentrations. Fixed-dose combinations with ephedrine are more likely to add toxicity than benefit compared with theophylline alone if the latter is used in an adequate dose. Choices among the vase array of products available can be further simplified by considering cost and convenience of the various formulations. When used appropriately, theophylline has been successful in the essential elimination of asthmatic symptoms in over 70% of asthmatic children seen at a tertiary care referral center.
茶碱不仅已成为一种有效的急性支气管扩张剂，还成为抑制慢性哮喘症状的主要预防药物。其疗效和毒性都与血清浓度密切相关。个体间药物消除率存在差异，需要通过测定血清茶碱浓度来仔细调整剂量，实现个体化用药，以维持安全有效的血清茶碱浓度。与单独使用足够剂量的茶碱相比，茶碱与麻黄碱的固定剂量组合更可能增加毒性而非带来益处。考虑到各种制剂的成本和便利性，可以进一步简化在众多可用产品中的选择。正确使用时，在一家三级医疗转诊中心就诊的哮喘儿童中，超过70%使用茶碱后成功基本消除了哮喘症状。
