Petersen R C
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1977 Dec 19;55(2):141-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01457849.
Retrieval processes subject to disruption by alteration of drug conditions were studied in a state-dependent learning experiment. On the first day of the 2-day experiment, 28 human subjects performed four verbal learning tasks in either an alcohol state (1.0 ml/kg) or a sober state, and the next day they attempted to recall the material in either the same or in an altered condition. Two of the tasks involved recall cues or prompts, and the other two required the subjects to recall the material unaided. Results indicated state-dependency on the two tasks that did not involve recall cues and no state-dependency on the two tasks involving cues. This finding indicates that memory failures resulting from a changed drug state can be reversed by appropriate experimental cueing or prompting, and implies that a learner's drug state has stimulus properties for recall. The role of drugs in contributing to a person's cognitive context and the resultant effects on memory are discussed.
在一项状态依存性学习实验中，研究了因药物状态改变而可能受到干扰的提取过程。在为期两天的实验的第一天，28名受试者在酒精状态（1.0毫升/千克）或清醒状态下完成四项言语学习任务，第二天他们尝试在相同或改变后的状态下回忆这些材料。其中两项任务涉及回忆线索或提示，另外两项任务要求受试者独立回忆材料。结果表明，在不涉及回忆线索的两项任务中存在状态依存性，而在涉及线索的两项任务中不存在状态依存性。这一发现表明，因药物状态改变而导致的记忆失败可以通过适当的实验线索或提示来逆转，这意味着学习者的药物状态对回忆具有刺激特性。文中讨论了药物在形成个体认知背景方面的作用以及对记忆产生的影响。
