Williams H L, Rundell O H
J Stud Alcohol. 1984 Jan;45(1):10-5. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1984.45.10.
Other investigators have suggested that the memory impairments found in alcohol intoxication represent the failure to process information to sufficient depth, i.e., an encoding deficit. The present study employed different processing levels (semantic, phonemic and graphemic) in intentional-learning experiments to examine the effects of two different doses of alcohol on verbal free recall and recognition. Alcohol significantly impaired both recall and recognition. Guiding processing at information input with semantic orienting tasks and at retrieval with recognition testing improved the retention performance of both intoxicated subjects and controls administered a placebo. However, neither procedure corrected the relative decrement associated with the higher of the two doses of alcohol. Alcohol intoxication had no effect on the speed or accuracy of the initial encoding of items at any processing level. The results offer no support for the view that the verbal-retention deficits associated with alcohol intoxication are related either to the spontaneous failure to undertake deep semantic processing or to the inability to do so.
其他研究人员认为，酒精中毒时出现的记忆障碍表现为信息处理深度不足，即编码缺陷。本研究在有意学习实验中采用了不同的处理水平（语义、音素和字素），以检验两种不同剂量的酒精对言语自由回忆和识别的影响。酒精显著损害了回忆和识别能力。在信息输入时通过语义定向任务引导处理，并在检索时通过识别测试引导处理，改善了醉酒受试者和服用安慰剂的对照组的记忆表现。然而，两种方法都没有纠正与两种酒精剂量中较高剂量相关的相对下降。酒精中毒对任何处理水平下项目的初始编码速度或准确性均无影响。这些结果不支持以下观点：与酒精中毒相关的言语记忆缺陷要么与自发进行深度语义处理的失败有关，要么与无法进行深度语义处理有关。
