Yanes Danielle, Frith Emily, Loprinzi Paul D
Exercise & Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
Eur J Psychol. 2019 Sep 27;15(3):447-458. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v15i3.1767. eCollection 2019 Sep.
The Encoding-Specificity Paradigm indicates that memory recall will be superior when contextual factors are congruent between memory encoding and memory retrieval. However, unlike other contextual conditions (e.g., verbal context, mental operations, global feature context, mood dependency, and physical operations), this paradigm has nearly been ignored in the exercise domain. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the Encoding-Specificity Paradigm in the context of exercise and rest conditions. 24 young adults (age: M = 21 years) completed a within-subject, counterbalanced experiment involving four laboratory visits, including 1) R-R (rest-rest) condition, 2) R-E (rest-exercise) condition, 3) E-R (exercise-rest) condition, or 4) E-E (exercise-exercise) condition. The exercise bout included a 15-minute moderate-intensity walk on a treadmill. Memory recall was assessed via a 15 word-list task. Memory recall was greater for R-R (8.71 ± 3.1) versus R-E (7.46 ± 2.8), and similarly, for E-E (8.63 ± 2.7) versus E-R (8.21 ± 2.7). The mean word recall for the congruent and incongruent conditions, respectively, was 8.67 (2.4) and 7.83 (2.4). There was a statistically significant condition effect (F = 5.02; P = .03; partial η² = .18). This experiment provides direct support for the Encoding-Specificity Paradigm in the exercise domain.
编码特异性范式表明，当记忆编码和记忆检索之间的情境因素一致时，记忆回忆效果会更好。然而，与其他情境条件（如言语情境、心理操作、全局特征情境、情绪依存性和身体操作）不同，这一范式在运动领域几乎被忽视。因此，本研究的目的是在运动和休息条件的背景下检验编码特异性范式。24名年轻成年人（年龄：M = 21岁）完成了一项被试内、平衡实验，该实验包括四次实验室访视，分别为：1）R-R（休息-休息）条件；2）R-E（休息-运动）条件；3）E-R（运动-休息）条件；或4）E-E（运动-运动）条件。运动环节包括在跑步机上进行15分钟的中等强度步行。通过一个包含15个单词列表的任务来评估记忆回忆。R-R（8.71±3.1）条件下的记忆回忆优于R-E（7.46±2.8）条件，同样，E-E（8.63±2.7）条件下的记忆回忆优于E-R（8.21±2.7）条件。一致和不一致条件下的平均单词回忆分别为8.67（2.4）和7.83（2.4）。存在统计学上显著的条件效应（F = 5.02；P = .03；偏η² = .18）。本实验为编码特异性范式在运动领域提供了直接支持。
