Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota, Wilk Izabella, Aebisher David
Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
English Division Science Club, Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Dec 27;18(1):86. doi: 10.3390/cancers18010086.
Ovarian cancer continues to be the most lethal gynaecological malignancy, principally due to its late-stage diagnosis, extensive peritoneal dissemination, chemoresistance, and limitations of current imaging and therapeutic strategies. By optimising pharmacokinetics, refining tumour-selective drug delivery, and supporting high-resolution, multimodal imaging, nanomedicine offers a versatile platform to address these limitations. In this review, current progress across lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, hybrid, and biomimetic nanocarriers is synthesised, emphasising how tailored physiochemical properties, surface functionalisation, and stimuli-responsive designs can improve tumour localisation, surmount stromal and ascetic barriers, and enable controlled drug release. Concurrently, significant advancement in imaging nanoprobes, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET)/single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical, near-infrared imaging (NIR), ultrasound, and photoacoustic systems, has evolved early lesion detection, intraoperative guidance, and quantitative monitoring of treatment. Diagnosis and therapy are further integrated within single platforms by emerging theranostic constructs, encouraging real-time visualisation of drug distribution and treatment response. Additionally, immune-nanomedicine, intraperitoneal depot systems, and nucleic acid-centred nanotherapies offer promising strategies to address immune suppression and molecular resistance in advanced ovarian cancer. In spite of noteworthy achievements, clinical translation is limited by complex manufacturing requirements, challenges with safety and stability, and restricted patient stratification. To unlock the full clinical potential of nanotechnology in ovarian cancer management, constant innovation in scalable design, regulatory standardisation, and integration of precision biomarkers will be necessary.
卵巢癌仍然是最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤，主要原因在于其晚期诊断、广泛的腹膜播散、化疗耐药性以及当前成像和治疗策略的局限性。通过优化药代动力学、完善肿瘤选择性药物递送并支持高分辨率多模态成像，纳米医学提供了一个通用平台来解决这些局限性。在本综述中，综合了基于脂质、聚合物、无机、混合和仿生纳米载体的当前进展，强调了定制的物理化学性质、表面功能化和刺激响应设计如何能够改善肿瘤定位、克服基质和腹水屏障并实现药物的控释。同时，成像纳米探针取得了重大进展，包括磁共振成像（MRI）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）、光学、近红外成像（NIR）、超声和光声系统，这在早期病变检测、术中引导以及治疗的定量监测方面取得了进展。新兴的治疗诊断构建体将诊断和治疗进一步整合在单一平台内，促进了药物分布和治疗反应的实时可视化。此外，免疫纳米医学、腹腔内长效制剂系统和以核酸为中心的纳米疗法为解决晚期卵巢癌中的免疫抑制和分子耐药性提供了有前景的策略。尽管取得了显著成就，但临床转化受到复杂的制造要求、安全性和稳定性挑战以及有限的患者分层的限制。为了释放纳米技术在卵巢癌管理中的全部临床潜力，在可扩展设计、监管标准化以及精密生物标志物整合方面持续创新将是必要的。
