Kittinger G W
Ciba Found Symp. 1977(47):235-57. doi: 10.1002/9780470720295.ch10.
Rhesus monkey fetuses were surgically prosencephalectomized (Type 2) or functionally hypophysectomized (Type 1) at 75 days gestation, then returned to the uterus until elective Caesarean section on day 145--150 (term 167 days). Deprivation of fetal hypothalamic releasing factors in Type 2 and fetal pituitary tropic hormones in Type 1 significantly delayed the ontogeny and functional development of fetal endocrine tissues. Bone ossification and growth were significantly retarded in Type 1 only, not in Type 2. In Type 1 the body and all organs except the endocrine glands were about half normal weight. The adrenals, thyroids, ovaries and testes were histologically abnormal and about one-tenth normal weight. Non-endocrine organs were histologically similar to 110-130-day fetuses. Thyroxine (T4) concentrations were significantly depressed in Type 1 fetal and maternal plasma at Caesarean section but normal in Type 2. Cortisol concentrations were normal in Type 1 fetal and maternal plasma. Types 1 and 2 plasma oestradiol concentrations were significantly lower in mothers but normal in fetuses. Type 1 placentas produced significantly less progesterone in vitro than normal. Fetal endocrine autonomy is indicated (thyrotropin-releasing factor excepted). Many of the hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones do not pass in effective amounts from mother to fetus. Fetal endocrine autonomy is a prerequisite for the control of both development and parturition.
妊娠75天时，对恒河猴胎儿进行手术性前脑切除（2型）或功能性垂体切除（1型），然后将其放回子宫，直到在第145 - 150天（足月为167天）进行选择性剖宫产。2型胎儿下丘脑释放因子的缺乏以及1型胎儿垂体促激素的缺乏显著延迟了胎儿内分泌组织的个体发育和功能发育。仅1型胎儿的骨化和生长明显迟缓，2型则不然。在1型胎儿中，身体和除内分泌腺以外的所有器官重量约为正常的一半。肾上腺、甲状腺、卵巢和睾丸在组织学上异常，重量约为正常的十分之一。非内分泌器官在组织学上与110 - 130天的胎儿相似。剖宫产时，1型胎儿和母体血浆中的甲状腺素（T4）浓度显著降低，但2型正常。1型胎儿和母体血浆中的皮质醇浓度正常。1型和2型母亲血浆中的雌二醇浓度显著降低，但胎儿正常。1型胎盘在体外产生的孕酮明显少于正常胎盘。表明存在胎儿内分泌自主性（促甲状腺激素释放因子除外）。许多下丘脑和垂体前叶激素无法以有效量从母体传递给胎儿。胎儿内分泌自主性是控制发育和分娩的先决条件。
