Bergseth B, Moltzen C, Arias A, Aumend J, Guilbeaux M, Oyanedel R, Parsons R, Pukini C, Quintana A, Wilcox C, Day J C
College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Conserv Biol. 2026 Mar 18:e70246. doi: 10.1111/cobi.70246.
Noncompliance regularly undermines the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) worldwide. The reasons for and drivers of noncompliance depend on the context (e.g., insufficient funding, capacity, neocolonialism, historical conflict), but the prevalent solution offered to curtail noncompliance tends to be more or better enforcement. We posit that this response is well intentioned but incomplete. It is reactive, rather than proactive, and identifies a solution before sufficiently identifying the problem-compliance is a people-centric problem, and although coercive enforcement is necessary, it is not a panacea for ensuring high compliance. We devised a novel adaptive management framework for compliance management in MPAs, with 6 critical elements: an underpinning regulatory basis; a situational assessment and conceptual model; data and information collation; risk assessment and strategic planning; compliance treatments; and monitoring and reporting effectiveness. Integrating these elements into a single, structured framework allows practitioners to holistically understand and manage compliance behaviors in MPAs. Each element has been applied in different world contexts, and different treatments and interventions are available to manage compliance, including normative interventions, strategic communications, and targeted, risk-based enforcement actions. Tailoring each element in the framework to specific contextual needs can provide a cost-effective, proactive, and adaptive approach for strategically deploying limited management resources where they can be most effective.
违规行为经常破坏全球海洋保护区（MPA）的有效性。违规行为的原因和驱动因素取决于具体情况（例如，资金不足、能力欠缺、新殖民主义、历史冲突），但为减少违规行为而普遍提出的解决方案往往是加强执法或更好地执法。我们认为这种应对措施虽出于善意，但并不完善。它是被动反应而非主动出击，在充分识别问题之前就确定了一个解决方案——合规是一个以人为本的问题，虽然强制执法是必要的，但它并非确保高合规率的万灵药。我们为海洋保护区的合规管理设计了一个新颖的适应性管理框架，包含6个关键要素：一个基础监管依据；一个情况评估和概念模型；数据和信息整理；风险评估和战略规划；合规处理；以及监测和报告有效性。将这些要素整合到一个单一的结构化框架中，使从业者能够全面理解和管理海洋保护区中的合规行为。每个要素都已在不同的全球背景下得到应用，并且有不同的处理方法和干预措施可用于管理合规，包括规范性干预、战略沟通以及有针对性的、基于风险的执法行动。根据具体背景需求对框架中的每个要素进行调整，可以提供一种具有成本效益的、主动的和适应性的方法，以便在最有效的地方战略性地部署有限的管理资源。
