McKenna J J
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1978 May;48(4):503-9. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330480409.
An intensive study of the Indian langur monkey (Presbytis entellus) reveals an interplay between biological and social processes. This study which involved captive animals and over 1,500 observation hours suggests that grooming behavior alone cannot be used to measure status differences between the sexes, nor as a means to understand how pathogens carried by ecto-parasites are controlled. It is shown that the type of grooming exhibited in an interactional setting and the region of the body presented by one animal to another for grooming is often determined by the immediate social events and by the nature of the relationship existing between the participants. For these Colobine langur monkeys grooming behavior not only facilitates integration but it also enables an animal to manipulate a tense situation into a peaceful one. Without reference to many of the other patterns of behavior which only relatively, not absolutely differentiate age and sex classes, grooming behavior cannot be entirely understood.
对印度叶猴（长尾叶猴）的深入研究揭示了生物过程与社会过程之间的相互作用。这项涉及圈养动物且观察时长超过1500小时的研究表明，仅靠梳理行为无法用来衡量两性之间的地位差异，也不能作为理解外寄生虫携带的病原体是如何得到控制的一种方式。研究表明，在互动场景中展现的梳理类型以及一只动物向另一只动物展示用于梳理的身体部位，往往由即时的社会事件以及参与者之间现存关系的性质所决定。对于这些疣猴属叶猴而言，梳理行为不仅有助于群体融合，还能使动物将紧张局势转变为和平局面。如果不参考许多其他仅相对而非绝对区分年龄和性别类别的行为模式，就无法完全理解梳理行为。
