Metzler M, Silver D
Postgrad Med. 1979 Feb;65(2):79-84, 87-8. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1979.11715052.
Acute digital ischemia not due to thromboembolism may be the result of either a primary vasospastic disorder (Raynaud's disease, acrocyanosis, livedo reticularis) or vasospasm associated with a systemic, regional, or traumatic disorder (Raynaud's syndrome, cold injury). Raynaud's disease versus syndrome is distinguishable up to 95% of the time from clinical criteria.
非血栓栓塞性急性手指缺血可能是原发性血管痉挛性疾病（雷诺病、手足发绀症、网状青斑）或与全身性、局部性或创伤性疾病相关的血管痉挛（雷诺综合征、冻伤）所致。根据临床标准，雷诺病与雷诺综合征在95%的情况下可区分开来。
