Defined physiological conditions for the induction of the L-form of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Defined conditions are described which allowed luxuriant growth over continuous subculture of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in broth and on agar. Growth was equal to or surpassed that observed in Mueller-Hinton broth or on Mueller-Hinton blood agar. The final medium adopted consisted of medium 199 and a supplemental mixture of cysteine, glucose, and various salts. Addition of sodium bicarbonate or CO(2) enrichment was not required. For solidification, only agarose allowed growth of all strains; glutamic acid stimulated growth of two strains but was inhibitory for a third. The addition of 8% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 2% purified albumin, and penicillin resulted in induction of all three strains to the L-form with frequencies up to 0.3%. At present no induction to the L-form has been achieved in the absence of albumin. Various lots of PVP proved toxic in the defined medium, and extensive dialysis was required for good growth and L-form induction. Substitution of PVP with sucrose indicated a sucrose toxicity for the parental gonococcus even on the addition of albumin. L-form induction did occur on sucrose L-medium but at significantly lower frequencies. The colonies appeared 1 week later than those on PVP L-medium but at significantly lower frequencies. The colonies appeared 1 week later than those on PVP L-medium and remained very small and poorly developed.