Hume A L, Irwin R J
J Exp Anal Behav. 1974 Mar;21(2):285-95. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1974.21-285.
Rats were trained to discriminate between two bursts of random noise that differed in intensity. In a two-lever, discrete-trial procedure, correct responses were reinforced with brain stimulation, and incorrect responses produced timeout. Responding was studied as a function of the decibel difference between the stimuli, the probabilities of presenting the stimuli, the relative duration of timeout consequent upon the two types of incorrect responses, and the absolute duration of timeout consequent upon incorrect responses. The results showed that the distribution of responses between the two levers depended upon the stimulus probabilities, but were independent of either the absolute or relative durations of timeout. When the stimulus probabilities were varied, the response probabilities did not match the stimulus probabilities; when the relative durations of timeout were varied, the animals did not obtain the maximum rate of reinforcement per unit time. Instead, the animals distributed their responses so as to obtain the maximum number of reinforcements at each level of discrimination. In addition, the level of discrimination increased as a function of the decibel difference between the stimuli.
训练大鼠区分强度不同的两阵随机噪声。在双杠杆离散试验程序中，正确反应通过脑刺激得到强化，错误反应则导致超时。研究了反应与刺激之间的分贝差异、呈现刺激的概率、两种错误反应后的超时相对持续时间以及错误反应后的超时绝对持续时间之间的函数关系。结果表明，双杠杆之间的反应分布取决于刺激概率，但与超时的绝对或相对持续时间无关。当刺激概率变化时，反应概率与刺激概率不匹配；当超时的相对持续时间变化时，动物无法获得每单位时间的最大强化率。相反，动物分配它们的反应，以便在每个辨别水平上获得最大数量的强化。此外，辨别水平随着刺激之间的分贝差异而增加。
