Downey P, Harrison J M
J Exp Anal Behav. 1972 Nov;18(3):453-63. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1972.18-453.
Sound was presented to monkeys through one of two loudspeakers, each adjacent to a response key. A response on the key adjacent to the sound source was reinforced (correct response). A response on the other key produced a timeout (incorrect response). Under these conditions, over 90% of responses were correct within one or two sessions. When the procedure was changed so that a response on either key was reinforced independently of which speaker was sounding, similar control by location developed within one or two sessions. When conditions were modified by moving the keys away from the immediate vicinity of the speakers, the animals required about 20 sessions to reach a stable level of greater than 90% correct responses under differential reinforcement conditions. No control by location developed under nondifferential reinforcement conditions.
声音通过两个扬声器之一呈现给猴子，每个扬声器都与一个反应键相邻。对与声源相邻的键的反应会得到强化（正确反应）。对另一个键的反应会导致超时（错误反应）。在这些条件下，超过90%的反应在一两个实验环节内是正确的。当程序改变，使得对任何一个键的反应都独立于发声的扬声器而得到强化时，在一两个实验环节内就形成了类似的基于位置的控制。当通过将键从扬声器的紧邻区域移开来改变条件时，在差别强化条件下，动物需要大约20个实验环节才能达到超过90%正确反应的稳定水平。在非差别强化条件下没有形成基于位置的控制。
