几种消除行为的程序的比较。
A comparison of several procedures for eliminating behavior.
作者信息
HOLZ W C, AZRIN N H
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jul;6(3):399-406. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-399.
Abstract
The pecking response of pigeons was reinforced when a minimum period of time had elapsed since the last response (DRL schedule of food-reinforcement). Punishment, satiation, extinction, and stimulus change were employed separately to reduce responding. When the effects of the four procedures were compared, punishment was found capable of producing a more immediate, complete and long lasting response reduction than the others. Punishment had its maximum effect on the responses that were least relevant to reinforcement. The punishment reduced the frequency of the short inter-response times to a greater extent than did either extinction or satiation. In this way, punishment actually increased the efficiency of the DRL responding.
摘要
自上次反应后经过最短时间间隔时，鸽子的啄击反应得到强化（食物强化的DRL程序）。分别采用惩罚、饱足、消退和刺激改变来减少反应。当比较这四种程序的效果时，发现惩罚比其他方法能更迅速、更彻底且更持久地减少反应。惩罚对与强化最不相关的反应产生最大影响。与消退或饱足相比，惩罚在更大程度上降低了短反应间隔时间的频率。通过这种方式，惩罚实际上提高了DRL反应的效率。
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