Estimation of plasma unbound phenobarbital concentration by using mixed saliva.

Relationships among plasma total (Ct), plasma protein unbound (Cf) and mixed salivary (Cs) concentrations of phenobarbital (PB) were studied in 29 epileptic patients. A highly significant correlation was observed between Ct and Cf. Although a significant correlation was observed between Cf and Cs, Cs/Cf ratio was only 0.63. When Cs was corrected by using pKa (7.41) and pH of saliva to estimate free PB concentration (Cest f), a highly significant correlation was obtained between Cf and Cest f, and Cest f/Cr ratio was 0.96. The temporal course of Cest f obtained from Cs after an oral single dose of 50 mg PB in a healthy adult male volunteer was approximated as a triexponential equation. The peak time was 2 hr after ingestion and apparent half life was 66 hr. The prediction of minimum concentrations at steady state on the basis of these parameters corresponded well with actually obtained Cest f following repetitive administration of PB.