MacConaill M A
J Anat. 1979 Jan;128(Pt 1):1-11.
The kinematics of swings at joints can be described fully by means of two simple ratios and the angle at which the total operative force vector pulls upon a bone. The ratios can be applied to individual muscles, thus linking structural and functional myology in an exact way. The 'spurt' and 'shunt' types of muscle are sharply distinguished, both kinematically and anatomically.
关节摆动的运动学可以通过两个简单的比率以及总作用力矢量牵拉骨骼的角度来全面描述。这些比率可以应用于单个肌肉,从而以一种精确的方式将结构肌学和功能肌学联系起来。“爆发型”和“分流型”肌肉在运动学和解剖学上都有明显的区别。