Hartman D E
J Commun Disord. 1979 Feb;12(1):53-61. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(79)90021-2.
Twenty untrained male and 20 untrained female listeners were requested to judge the age of 46 male speakers from samples of conversational speech. Thirty-seven samples were judged similarly by the two groups and were therefore provided as listening stimuli for ten male and ten female speech pathologists. Through an a posteriori schema, speech pathologists were required to specify the salient features of speech judged as being characteristic of each speaker's perceived age. The results of the study indicated that untrained listeners used similar perceptual sets to judge age until after the fiftieh year of life. Regardless of sex, listeners tended to underestimate the age of the speakers. Male and female speech pathologists viewed low pitch and hoarseness as being the most salient features of speech for the speakers. Qualitative analysis revealed that the most prominent features indicated by speech pathologists could be classified according to pitch, quality, articulation, and rate of speech.
研究要求20名未经训练的男性听众和20名未经训练的女性听众，根据对话语音样本判断46名男性说话者的年龄。两组对37个样本的判断相似，因此这些样本被用作10名男性和10名女性言语病理学家的听力刺激材料。通过一个后验模式，要求言语病理学家明确被判断为每个说话者感知年龄特征的言语显著特征。研究结果表明，未经训练的听众在判断年龄时，直到50岁之后才开始使用不同的感知模式。无论性别如何，听众往往会低估说话者的年龄。男性和女性言语病理学家认为，低音调和声音嘶哑是说话者言语中最显著的特征。定性分析表明，言语病理学家指出的最突出特征可以根据音高、音质、清晰度和语速进行分类。
