Ward P C
Postgrad Med. 1979 Apr;65(4):229-31, 234-5. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1979.11715126.
Spiculated poikilocytes occur in several different forms. Each form is associated with certain types of diseases or conditions. Identification of a dominant form in a blood smear provides a clue to diagnosis. Helmet cells, triangular cells, and schistocytes most commonly suggest disease in the microvasculature. "Bite" cells are usually a product of drug-induced hemolysis. Keratocytes are variants of helmet cells and therefore occur in the same clinical circumstances as helmet cells. Echinocytes are usually artifacts; true echinocytosis is rare and associated mainly with uremia. Acanthocytosis occurs most commonly after splenectomy but may be encountered in severe liver disease.
有棘红细胞有几种不同的形态。每种形态都与某些特定类型的疾病或病症相关。在血涂片中识别出主要的形态可为诊断提供线索。盔形细胞、三角形细胞和裂红细胞最常提示微血管系统疾病。“咬痕”细胞通常是药物诱导溶血的产物。角化细胞是盔形细胞的变体，因此与盔形细胞出现在相同的临床情况下。棘形红细胞通常是人为假象；真正的棘形红细胞增多症很少见，主要与尿毒症相关。棘状红细胞增多最常见于脾切除术后，但也可能在严重肝病中出现。
