Kingscote B F
Can J Comp Med. 1970 Jan;34(1):31-7.
Leptospirosis occurs enzootically over most of Southern Ontario. Leptospira pomona is the serotype most commonly found in outbreaks. Antibodies to L. pomona occur frequently in the sera of deer in wilderness areas. The geographic location of leptospirosis presents a pattern which closely parallels the distribution of Paleozoic bedrock. By contrast, L. pomona infection is absent from areas underlain by Precambrian bedrock. Comparisons of water chemistry, soil type, habitat, and host and pathogen availability in these two geologically distinct environments have not defined the mechanisms involved in the disease pattern. Leptospires resembling saphophytic strains occur widely, regardless of bedrock type. High titers to L. biflexa, a saprophytic serotype, were found frequently in deer sera from a Precambrian area which was surveyed intensively. Antibodies to L. hardjo and L. sejroe occur in many bovine sera from a predominantly Precambrian area where Paleozoic outliers are numerous. Colloidal clay is common to leptospiral habitats. A microenvironment structured by the surface activity of clay is likely to be a key ecological factor in the landscape epizootiology of leptospirosis. In Ontario, bedrock composed of limestone and dolomite formed in the Paleozoic era appears to be a reliable ecological marker for Leptospira pomona infection.
钩端螺旋体病在安大略省南部的大部分地区呈地方流行性。波摩那钩端螺旋体是疫情中最常见的血清型。在荒野地区的鹿血清中，波摩那钩端螺旋体抗体经常出现。钩端螺旋体病的地理位置呈现出一种与古生代基岩分布密切平行的模式。相比之下，在前寒武纪基岩覆盖的地区不存在波摩那钩端螺旋体感染。对这两种地质条件不同的环境中的水化学、土壤类型、栖息地以及宿主和病原体可得性进行比较，尚未确定导致这种疾病模式的机制。无论基岩类型如何，类似腐生菌株的钩端螺旋体广泛存在。在一个经过密集调查的前寒武纪地区的鹿血清中，经常发现对腐生血清型双曲钩端螺旋体的高滴度抗体。在一个主要为前寒武纪地区且有大量古生代孤立岩体的许多牛血清中，发现了对哈焦钩端螺旋体和 sejroe 钩端螺旋体的抗体。胶体粘土是钩端螺旋体栖息地的常见特征。由粘土表面活性构成的微环境可能是钩端螺旋体病景观流行病学中的一个关键生态因素。在安大略省，由古生代形成的石灰岩和白云岩组成的基岩似乎是波摩那钩端螺旋体感染的可靠生态标志物。
