Betz B J, Thomas C B
Johns Hopkins Med J. 1979 Mar;144(3):81-9.
Two studies of temperament as a possible predictor of continuing good health or premature disease are reported. In earlier work to determine youthful precursors of premature disease, a number of separate characteristics distinguishing medical students who remain healthy from those with premature disorders have been identified. Characterization by temperament, an expression of innate biological endowment, provides a more global portrayal of an organism that can an aggregate of separate characteristics alone. Criteria for designating three temperament types, termed Alpha, Beta and Gamma, are presented. In 1948, 45 subjects were assigned to one of these types on the basis of youthful characteristics. The subjects in the three temperament groups had different health outcomes 30 years later, significant at the p less than 0.01 level. Gamma type had the most disorders and deaths, Beta type the fewest. A cross-validation study on 127 subjects had similar results at the p less than 0.05 level. Temperament appears to be a variable of predictive potential of individual stamina, or of vulnerability to premature disease and death.
本文报道了两项关于气质作为持续健康或过早患病可能预测指标的研究。在早期确定过早患病的年轻先兆的工作中，已经识别出一些区分保持健康的医学生和患有过早疾病的医学生的不同特征。气质是先天生物禀赋的一种表现，通过气质进行特征描述，能提供一个比单独的一系列特征总和更全面的生物体描述。文中给出了划分三种气质类型（称为α型、β型和γ型）的标准。1948年，45名受试者根据其年轻时的特征被归为其中一种类型。30年后，这三个气质组的受试者有不同的健康结果，在p值小于0.01水平时具有显著性差异。γ型的疾病和死亡最多，β型最少。一项对127名受试者的交叉验证研究在p值小于0.05水平时也有类似结果。气质似乎是个体耐力预测潜力的一个变量，或者是过早患病和死亡易感性的一个变量。
