McCabe W R
J Clin Invest. 1967 Mar;46(3):453-62. doi: 10.1172/JCI105547.
Studies of experimental infections in embryonated eggs demonstrated that prior allantoic infection with avirulent staphylococci afforded significant protection against subsequent challenge with virulent strains. All strains of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci tested that were relatively avirulent for embryonated eggs were capable of producing interference. The interference induced afforded protection not only against challenge with virulent staphylococci, but also against Diplococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and one strain of influenza virus (A(2)J 305). Prior allantoic infection with avirulent staphylococci also protected against intravenous as well as allantoic infection with challenge strains.Interference required infection with viable bacteria. The onset of interference appeared within a few minutes after injection of the interfering strain, but was not maximal until 24 hours had elapsed between injection of the interfering and challenge strains. The protection afforded by the production of interference could not be overcome by increased inoculum size of the challenge strain and extended even to challenge with 10(9) bacteria. Studies of in vitro and in vivo growth of challenge strains in allantoic fluid demonstrated that some interfering strains inhibited growth of the challenge strains. Other strains produced interference without producing prolonged inhibition of the growth of challenge strains. Similarly, interference could not be attributed to attenuated virulence of the challenge organisms. All interfering strains studied produced enhanced bactericidal activity of whole blood from the affected embryos, but whether this affected leukocyte activity, opsonization, or other host defense mechanisms has yet to be determined.
对鸡胚实验性感染的研究表明，用无毒葡萄球菌预先进行尿囊感染可对随后用强毒株进行的攻击提供显著保护。所测试的所有凝固酶阳性和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌菌株，对鸡胚相对无毒，均能够产生干扰作用。所诱导的干扰不仅能保护鸡胚免受强毒葡萄球菌的攻击，还能抵御肺炎双球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌以及一种流感病毒株（A(2)J 305）的攻击。用无毒葡萄球菌预先进行尿囊感染还能保护鸡胚免受静脉注射以及用攻击菌株进行尿囊感染的影响。干扰作用需要用活细菌进行感染。干扰作用在注射干扰菌株后几分钟内开始出现，但直到在注射干扰菌株和攻击菌株之间经过24小时后才达到最大效果。由干扰作用产生的保护作用不会因增加攻击菌株的接种量而被克服，甚至对用10(9)个细菌进行的攻击也有保护作用。对攻击菌株在尿囊液中的体外和体内生长研究表明，一些干扰菌株能抑制攻击菌株的生长。其他菌株产生干扰作用，但不会对攻击菌株的生长产生长期抑制。同样，干扰作用不能归因于攻击生物体的毒力减弱。所研究的所有干扰菌株均能增强受感染胚胎全血的杀菌活性，但这是否影响白细胞活性、调理作用或其他宿主防御机制尚待确定。
