Carney S A, Hall M, Lawrence J C, Ricketts C R
Br J Ind Med. 1974 Oct;31(4):317-21. doi: 10.1136/oem.31.4.317.
317-321. On contact with skin hydrofluoric acid yields hydrogen and fluoride ions, which exhaust the tissue's buffering capacity. Fluoride was found to be toxic to skin cells, as judged by the accumulation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG), at about 2 × 10 mol/l fluoride ion in the medium on which skin slices were maintained. This toxicity was reversible by the dilution brought about by transfer of the skin to a fresh medium; 3-PG levels fell and tetrazolium reductase measurements showed adequate viability. Using a specific ion electrode for fluoride, the efficacy of calcium, magnesium and lanthanum salts and hyamine in lowering fluoride ion concentration in the presence of serum was examined. Lanthanum was the most effective but was itself toxic to skin cells as judged by respiration and tetrazolium reductase measurements. Calcium appeared more effective as chloride than as gluconate. Magnesium and hyamine were ineffective under the conditions of experiment. In the presence of serum, calcium gluconate is only just capable of lowering the concentration of fluoride ions to the level at which their toxic effect is negligible. The importance of rapid removal of hydrofluoric acid from the skin surface as a first-aid treatment is emphasized.
317 - 321。氢氟酸与皮肤接触时会产生氢离子和氟离子，这会耗尽组织的缓冲能力。从在维持皮肤切片的培养基中约2×10摩尔/升氟离子时3 - 磷酸甘油酸（3 - PG）的积累情况判断，发现氟对皮肤细胞有毒性。通过将皮肤转移到新鲜培养基中所带来的稀释作用，这种毒性是可逆的；3 - PG水平下降，四氮唑还原酶测量显示有足够的活力。使用氟离子特异性离子电极，研究了钙盐、镁盐、镧盐和海明在血清存在下降低氟离子浓度的效果。镧是最有效的，但从呼吸和四氮唑还原酶测量判断，它本身对皮肤细胞有毒性。氯化钙似乎比葡萄糖酸钙更有效。在实验条件下，镁和海明无效。在血清存在的情况下，葡萄糖酸钙仅能刚好将氟离子浓度降低到其毒性作用可忽略不计的水平。强调了作为急救处理从皮肤表面快速去除氢氟酸的重要性。
