Stipkovits L
Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1979 Oct;245(1-2):171-83.
Based on literature data and own experiences the author gives an outlook about pathogenicity of avian mycoplasmas. In chickens and turkeys M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae (in addition to it M. meleagridis exclusively in turkeys) are the most important mycoplasmas producing respiratory disease, inflamation of synovial membranes and other lesions. Their pathogenic effect is very much influenced by dose of agent, route of entry of microorganism, age of birds, virulence and tropism of organism as well as associated other mycoplasma or virus or bacterial or fungal infections and conditions of environment. These facts rise difficulties in serological diagnostic and erradication program. Recently ureaplasma infection was also established in chickens and turkeys which can also be associated with respiratory disease. From ducks A. laidlawii, M. anatis and various unclassified strains were isolated, among these M. anatis and unclassified arginine splitting mycoplasma strains proved to be pathogenic. In geese M. gallinarum, A. laidlawii and A. axanthum were detected. A. axanthum showed pathogenicity for goslings and goose embryos. Its effect is exacerbated by associated parvovirus infection.
基于文献数据和自身经验，作者对禽支原体的致病性进行了展望。在鸡和火鸡中，鸡毒支原体和滑膜支原体（此外，火鸡支原体仅存在于火鸡中）是导致呼吸道疾病、滑膜炎症和其他病变的最重要支原体。它们的致病作用受到病原体剂量、微生物进入途径、禽类年龄、病原体的毒力和嗜性以及相关的其他支原体、病毒、细菌或真菌感染和环境条件的很大影响。这些事实给血清学诊断和根除计划带来了困难。最近在鸡和火鸡中也发现了脲原体感染，其也可能与呼吸道疾病有关。从鸭中分离出了莱氏无胆甾原体、鸭支原体和各种未分类的菌株，其中鸭支原体和未分类的精氨酸分解支原体菌株被证明具有致病性。在鹅中检测到鸡支原体、莱氏无胆甾原体和黄化无胆甾原体。黄化无胆甾原体对雏鹅和鹅胚具有致病性。相关细小病毒感染会加剧其影响。
