Bisanz J, Danner F, Resnick L B
Child Dev. 1979 Mar;50(1):132-41.
Children of 3 ages (8, 10, and 12 years) and adults were asked to decide rapidly whether 2 line drawings were same or different based on either physical appearance (physical match) or name information (name match). Reaction times were used to estimate several temporal measures of information-processing efficiency, such as the difference between different and same judgments, the difference between name-match and physical-match judgments, and 2 types of interference. Different judgments required more time than same judgments for children but not for adults, and the difference between these decreased with age. As expected, name judgments required more time than physical judgments, but the difference did not decrease regularly with age. Interference in name-match decisions due to conflicting and irrelevant physical information decreased with age; however, interference in physical-match judgments due to conflicting and irrelevant name information does not decline with age and was a significant factor in the performance of older children and adults. The results underscore the complex character of developmental change in processing efficiency.
研究人员要求三个年龄段（8岁、10岁和12岁）的儿童以及成年人根据外形（外形匹配）或名称信息（名称匹配）快速判断两幅线条画是相同还是不同。反应时间被用来估计信息处理效率的几个时间指标，比如不同判断和相同判断之间的差异、名称匹配判断和外形匹配判断之间的差异，以及两种干扰类型。对于儿童来说，不同判断比相同判断需要更多时间，但成年人并非如此，而且随着年龄增长，两者之间的差异减小。正如预期的那样，名称判断比外形判断需要更多时间，但这种差异并没有随着年龄的增长而有规律地减小。因冲突和不相关的外形信息导致的名称匹配决策干扰随着年龄增长而减少；然而，因冲突和不相关的名称信息导致的外形匹配判断干扰并没有随着年龄增长而下降，并且是年长儿童和成年人表现的一个重要因素。这些结果强调了信息处理效率发展变化的复杂特性。
