Papas A, Ingalls J R, Campbell L D
J Nutr. 1979 Jul;109(7):1129-39. doi: 10.1093/jn/109.7.1129.
The effects of feeding rapeseed meals (RSM) containing low (Tower) or high (Target/Turret) levels of glucosinolates on thyroid status, iodine and glucosinolate content of milk and other parameters were studied in dairy cows and young calves. RSM (Tower and Turret) fed to dairy cows at 25% of the grain mixture reduced iodine content of milk. Diets containing Tower and Turret RSM tended to reduce plasma thyroxine (T4) in cows and increase the size of thyroids in rats. Calf diets containing Target and Tower RSM resulted in increased liver and thyroid weights, but only those containing Target tended to reduce plasma T4 levels. Feed intake, weight gain, hemoglobin, blood cell volume and erythrocyte count in calves were not affected by diets containing Tower RSM, but Target RSM reduced all these parameters. In addition, diets containing Target caused more pronounced histological changes of the calves' thyroid than those containing Tower RSM. No measurable amounts of intact glucosinolates were detected in milk of cows fed RSM. Similarly the glucosinolate aglucones, isothiocyanates or vinyl oxazolidinethione, were not transferred to milk although small amounts of unsaturated nitrile (1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene) and inorganic thiocyanate were detected in milk. Rats receiving milk from cows fed Turret RSM developed larger thyroid than those receiving milk from control-fed cows. Supplemental iodine (61.0 microgram/d) in the rat prevented the thyroid enlargement.
研究了给奶牛和犊牛饲喂低硫代葡萄糖苷水平（Tower）或高硫代葡萄糖苷水平（Target/Turret）的菜籽粕对甲状腺状态、牛奶中碘和硫代葡萄糖苷含量以及其他参数的影响。以谷物混合物的25%给奶牛饲喂菜籽粕（Tower和Turret）会降低牛奶中的碘含量。含有Tower和Turret菜籽粕的日粮往往会降低奶牛的血浆甲状腺素（T4），并增加大鼠甲状腺的大小。含有Target和Tower菜籽粕的犊牛日粮会导致肝脏和甲状腺重量增加，但只有含有Target的日粮往往会降低血浆T4水平。含有Tower菜籽粕的日粮对犊牛的采食量、体重增加、血红蛋白、血细胞容积和红细胞计数没有影响，但Target菜籽粕会降低所有这些参数。此外，与含有Tower菜籽粕的日粮相比，含有Target的日粮会使犊牛甲状腺出现更明显的组织学变化。在饲喂菜籽粕的奶牛的牛奶中未检测到可测量量的完整硫代葡萄糖苷。同样，硫代葡萄糖苷配基、异硫氰酸盐或乙烯基恶唑烷硫酮也没有转移到牛奶中，尽管在牛奶中检测到少量不饱和腈（1-氰基-2-羟基-3-丁烯）和无机硫氰酸盐。接受饲喂Turret菜籽粕奶牛的牛奶的大鼠比接受对照饲喂奶牛的牛奶的大鼠甲状腺更大。给大鼠补充碘（61.0微克/天）可防止甲状腺肿大。
