Hill T L, Chen Y D
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jun;71(6):2478-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.6.2478.
The same prototypal model used in a previous paper to illustrate proper construction of a muscle model is modified here with the much more realistic choice e(Deltap) = 10(8) rather than e(Deltap) = 100, where e(Deltap) is the ratio of physiological ATP activity to equilibrium ATP activity. For steady isotonic contractions, the range 1 </= e(Delta) </= 10(4) can be approximated quite well by use of linear terms only in expansions of F (force) and J (ATP flux) in powers of e(Delta) - 1 and v (velocity). This will presumably also be true in most cases of much more complicated models. However, this region is of theoretical interest only (irreversible thermodynamics, etc.) because F and J are very small. In addition, numerical calculations of F and J were made in the region 10(4) </= e(Delta) </= 10(8). The optimal efficiency eta(*) is larger under physiological conditions (about 1%) than at equilibrium by a factor of 2.1 x 10(4). The rate of entropy production is discussed in this connection.
在之前一篇论文中用于说明肌肉模型正确构建的同一原型模型，在此处进行了修改，采用了更为现实的选择，即(e(\Delta p)=10^8)而非(e(\Delta p)=100)，其中(e(\Delta p))是生理ATP活性与平衡ATP活性的比值。对于稳定的等张收缩，仅通过在(F)（力）和(J)（ATP通量）关于(e(\Delta)-1)和(v)（速度）的幂次展开式中使用线性项，就可以很好地近似(1\leq e(\Delta)\leq10^4)这个范围。在大多数更为复杂的模型情况下，大概也是如此。然而，这个区域仅具有理论意义（不可逆热力学等），因为(F)和(J)非常小。此外，还在(10^4\leq e(\Delta)\leq10^8)区域进行了(F)和(J)的数值计算。生理条件下的最优效率(\eta^*)（约为1%）比平衡时大(2.1×10^4)倍。就此对熵产生率进行了讨论。
