美国国家科学院专题讨论会：新证据作为加大癌症研究力度的基础。
N.A.S. symposium: new evidence as the basis for increased efforts in cancer research.
作者信息
Todaro G J, Huebner R J
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Apr;69(4):1009-15. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.4.1009.
Recent studies, primarily with mouse, rat, and chicken cells, have provided evidence to support the concept that vertebrates contain the genetic information for producing a type-C RNA tumor virus in an unexpressed form in their somatic cells as well as in their germ cells. This information, which our associates and we postulated has been part of the genetic makeup of vertebrates since early in evolution, can persist for hundreds of generations in cell culture without overt production of virus. It is proposed that the endogenous virogenes (the genes for the production of type-C viruses) and the oncogenes (that portion of the virogene responsible for transforming a normal cell into a tumor cell) are maintained in an unexpressed form by repressors in normal cells. Various agents, including radiation, chemical carcinogens, and, perhaps, exogenously added viruses, may transform cells by "switching on" the endogenous oncogenic information. Some other implications of the viral oncogene theory are presented.
最近的研究，主要是对小鼠、大鼠和鸡细胞进行的研究，已经提供了证据来支持这样一种观点：脊椎动物在其体细胞和生殖细胞中都含有以未表达形式产生C型RNA肿瘤病毒的遗传信息。我们和同事们推测，这种信息自进化早期以来就是脊椎动物基因组成的一部分，在细胞培养中可以持续数百代而不明显产生病毒。有人提出，内源性病毒基因（产生C型病毒的基因）和癌基因（病毒基因中负责将正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞的部分）在正常细胞中被阻遏物以未表达的形式维持着。包括辐射、化学致癌物以及可能外源性添加的病毒在内的各种因素，可能通过“开启”内源性致癌信息来转化细胞。文中还介绍了病毒癌基因理论的其他一些含义。
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