Bran J L, Levison M E, Kaye D
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Jan;1(1):35-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.1.1.35.
Cephapirin sodium, a cephalosporin for parenteral use, was evaluated in vitro and in 27 patients. Cephapirin had activity equivalent to cephalothin against 25 strains each of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus; 10 strains each of Diplococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas species, and Enterobacter species; and 8 strains of Proteus species other than P. mirabilis. All strains of S. aureus and D. pneumoniae and most strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Proteus species were inhibited by concentrations of cephapirin achieved in the serum. Of 27 patients (20 with pneumonia, 2 with S. aureus empyema, and 5 with miscellaneous infections), 25 responded to cephapirin therapy. The only major toxicity thought to be drug-related occurred in a patient who developed reversible bone marrow depression with leukopenia, neutropenia, and anemia. Although cephapirin was painful on intramuscular injection, phlebitis and pain were absent in patients treated intravenously. In a controlled comparison of intravenously administered cephalothin and cephapirin in four additional patients, the latter caused much less pain than the former and caused no phlebitis.
头孢匹林钠是一种供注射用的头孢菌素，已进行了体外试验并在27例患者中进行了评估。头孢匹林对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌各25株；肺炎双球菌、假单胞菌属和肠杆菌属各10株；以及除奇异变形杆菌外的变形杆菌属8株的活性与头孢噻吩相当。血清中达到的头孢匹林浓度可抑制所有金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎双球菌菌株以及大多数大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和变形杆菌属菌株。在27例患者（20例肺炎、2例金黄色葡萄球菌性脓胸和5例其他感染）中，25例对头孢匹林治疗有反应。唯一被认为与药物相关的主要毒性发生在一名出现可逆性骨髓抑制伴白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少和贫血的患者身上。虽然头孢匹林肌内注射时会引起疼痛，但静脉注射治疗的患者未出现静脉炎和疼痛。在另外4例患者中对静脉注射头孢噻吩和头孢匹林进行的对照比较中，后者引起的疼痛比前者少得多，且未引起静脉炎。
