Vracko R
Am J Pathol. 1974 Nov;77(2):314-46.
The basal lamina is an extracellular scaffold positioned between parenchymal cells and connective tissue. Parenchymal cells attach to one of its surfaces and the other is anchored to connective tissue. By its presence it defines the spatial relationships among similar and dissimilar types of cells and between these cells and the space occupied by connective and supportive tissues. Replenishment of cells which have died during normal functioning or have become damaged in course of injury occurs with new cells in an orderly way along the framework of the basal lamina scaffold. This process appears to be aided by the polarity of the basal lamina and by an apparent specificity for cell types, and it enables multicellular organisms to reconstitute histologic structures of most tissues and organs to what they were prior to loss of cells. If the basal lamina is destroyed, the healing in most tissues results in formation of scar and loss of function. The properties of the basal lamina concerned with maintenance of histologic order in organs and tissues offer new ways to interpret the pathogenesis of several common disorders, including emphysema, scars, adhesions, cirrhosis of liver and excessive accumulation of basal lamina material as, for example, it occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus.
基底层是位于实质细胞和结缔组织之间的细胞外支架。实质细胞附着于其一个表面，另一个表面则锚定在结缔组织上。它的存在确定了相似和不同类型细胞之间以及这些细胞与结缔组织和支持组织所占空间之间的空间关系。在正常功能过程中死亡或在损伤过程中受损的细胞，会沿着基底层支架的框架有序地被新细胞替代。这个过程似乎得益于基底层的极性以及对细胞类型的明显特异性，它使多细胞生物能够将大多数组织和器官的组织结构恢复到细胞丢失之前的状态。如果基底层被破坏，大多数组织的愈合会导致瘢痕形成和功能丧失。基底层与维持器官和组织的组织学秩序相关的特性，为解释几种常见疾病的发病机制提供了新途径，包括肺气肿、瘢痕、粘连、肝硬化以及基底层物质的过度积累，例如在糖尿病患者中就会出现这种情况。
