Reiser S, Hallfrisch J, Michaelis O E, Lazar F L, Martin R E, Prather E S
Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Aug;32(8):1659-69. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/32.8.1659.
For 6 weeks, 10 men and nine women aged 35 to 55 consumed each of two diets in a cross-over design. The diets were comprised of identical natural foods with 30% of the calories as either sucrose or cooked wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat and protein supplied 43, 42, and 15% of the calories, respectively. Of the calories 10% were eaten at breakfast (7:00 to 8:30 AM) and 90% at dinner (4:30 to 6:30 PM). Initial body weights were essentially maintained. Total serum lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher when the subjects consumed the sucrose diet than when they consumed the starch diet. Increases associated with the sucrose diet were greatest for triglycerides (33.0%). In a subgroup of nine subjects with triglyceride levels above the normal range, sucrose feeding increased triglyceride levels 45.2%. Triglycerides and pre-beta lipoproteins were significantly higher in males than in females. Pre-beta lipoproteins were 32% higher when the subjects consumed sucrose than when they consumed starch. For alpha and beta lipoproteins, small, nonsignificant increases were associated with sucrose feeding. Serum free fatty acids were not affected by diet. These results indicate that the consumption of sucrose can increase blood lipids that are considered to be risk factors in heart disease and that males and carbohydrate-sensitive individuals may be more susceptible than others to the effects of sucrose.
在为期6周的时间里，10名年龄在35至55岁之间的男性和9名同龄女性采用交叉设计食用两种饮食。这两种饮食均由相同的天然食物组成，其中30%的热量分别来自蔗糖或熟小麦淀粉。碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质分别提供43%、42%和15%的热量。10%的热量在早餐时（上午7:00至8:30）摄入，90%的热量在晚餐时（下午4:30至6:30）摄入。初始体重基本保持不变。当受试者食用蔗糖饮食时，总血脂、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平显著高于食用淀粉饮食时。与蔗糖饮食相关的甘油三酯增加幅度最大（33.0%）。在甘油三酯水平高于正常范围的9名受试者亚组中，食用蔗糖使甘油三酯水平升高了45.2%。男性的甘油三酯和前β脂蛋白水平显著高于女性。当受试者食用蔗糖时，前β脂蛋白比食用淀粉时高32%。对于α和β脂蛋白，蔗糖摄入导致的增加幅度较小且无统计学意义。血清游离脂肪酸不受饮食影响。这些结果表明，食用蔗糖会增加被认为是心脏病危险因素的血脂，而且男性和对碳水化合物敏感的个体可能比其他人更容易受到蔗糖影响。
