Reilly T, Hopkins J, Howlett N
Br J Sports Med. 1979 Jun;13(2):70-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.13.2.70.
A broad profile of national standard race-walkers was obtained. Subjects were taller and had more body fat than competitive runners of comparable distance as found in the literature. Pulmonary function, blood pressure and maximal heart rates were similar to normal sedentary values. The group's somatotype was 2.5 : 3 : 4, low mesomorphy being reflected in inferior strength measures. Haematological status corresponded to the runners of Brotherhood et al (1975). Predicted VO2 max (x = 70 ml kg min-1) was not related to performance. Time to exhaustion on a treadmill test correlated with 20 km race time (R = -.94; p less than .001). Multiple regression equations derived to predict race performance from combinations of 4 to 6 personality traits were non-significant. Mean heart rate in typical training regimes was 167 beats min-1 for interval training at 13 kmh-1 on the track and 134 beats min-1 over a 2.1 h road walk at 10.3 kmh-1. Physiological strain was greater in uphill than in level or downhill walking (P less than .001).
获取了一份关于国家级竞走运动员的广泛资料。研究对象比文献中报道的同等距离的竞技跑步者更高，且体脂更多。肺功能、血压和最大心率与正常久坐人群的值相似。该组的体型为2.5:3:4，低中胚层体型在力量指标较低方面有所体现。血液学状况与Brotherhood等人（1975年）研究的跑步者相符。预测的最大摄氧量（x = 70毫升·千克·分钟-1）与运动表现无关。跑步机测试中的疲劳时间与20公里比赛时间相关（R = -0.94；p < 0.001）。从4至6种人格特质组合推导得出的预测比赛表现的多元回归方程无显著意义。在典型训练方案中，在跑道上以13公里/小时进行间歇训练时的平均心率为167次/分钟，在道路上以10.3公里/小时进行2.1小时步行时的平均心率为134次/分钟。上坡行走时的生理应激大于平路或下坡行走（P < 0.001）。
