Sundberg S, Elovainio R
Acta Paediatr Scand. 1982 Nov;71(6):987-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09561.x.
Thirty-four male elite endurance runners aged 12-16 years and 56 ordinary boys of the same age were studied in cross-sectional age groups. At the age of 12-14 years, there were only a few differences between the runners and the controls: the runners weighted less, were leaner and had higher VO2 max/kg body weight. The runners' good competitive performance could not be explained by a superior aerobic power at that age. In the age group of 16-year-olds, additional major differences were found: significantly higher VO2 max (4.05 1/min, 66 ml/min/kg), W170 (214 W, 3.5 W/kg), vital capacity (5.31 l), maximal expiratory volume (153 1/min), lower resting heart rate (62 beats/min) and larger heart volume (792 ml and 453 ml/m2 BSA) in the runners. In this respect our runners resembled adult endurance athletes. No differences could be observed in any age group as to height, hemoglobin concentration, blood pressure and maximal heart rate. The differences at the age of 16 years are either training effects or due to a selection of certain "endurance runner types".
对34名年龄在12至16岁的男性精英耐力跑运动员和56名同年龄段的普通男孩进行了横断面年龄组研究。在12至14岁时，跑步者和对照组之间只有一些差异：跑步者体重较轻、更瘦且每公斤体重的最大摄氧量更高。在那个年龄，跑步者良好的竞技表现无法用卓越的有氧能力来解释。在16岁年龄组中，发现了更多主要差异：跑步者的最大摄氧量显著更高（4.05升/分钟，66毫升/分钟/公斤）、W170（214瓦，3.5瓦/公斤）、肺活量（5.31升）、最大呼气量（153升/分钟）、静息心率更低（62次/分钟）以及心脏容积更大（792毫升和453毫升/平方米体表面积）。在这方面，我们的跑步者类似于成年耐力运动员。在任何年龄组中，身高、血红蛋白浓度、血压和最大心率均未观察到差异。16岁时的差异要么是训练效果，要么是由于挑选了某些“耐力跑者类型”。
