Weathersbee P S, Lodge J R
Postgrad Med. 1979 Sep;66(3):165-7, 170-1. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1979.11715254.
Use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine during pregnancy can have serious consequences for the fetus, such as low birth weight, congenital anomalies, or even death. Recent epidemiologic and animal studies indicate that these drugs may exert their effect by a number of metabolic and endocrine mechanisms, which are described here.
孕期饮酒、摄入咖啡因和尼古丁会对胎儿造成严重后果，如低出生体重、先天性畸形，甚至死亡。近期的流行病学和动物研究表明，这些药物可能通过多种代谢和内分泌机制发挥作用，在此进行阐述。
