Asp S, Hernberg S, Collan Y
Scand J Soc Med. 1979;7(2):55-62. doi: 10.1177/140349487900700202.
The mortality with respect to the total population of Finnish physicians during the period 1953 to 1972 has been analysed and compared with the corresponding statistics for the general Finnish population, for Finnish foundry workers, and for American physicians. It was found that the overall mortality was lower for male physicians than that for the general population or for foundry workers, but was clearly higher than that for American physicians. Male physicians did not exhibit any major differences from the general population with regard to cardiovascular diseases and suicide, but had a lower mortality from malignant neoplasms, accidents and "other diseases" (including infectious diseases). The explanation of cancer mortality being lower than expected among male physicians was mainly to be found in a deficit in lung cancer. Although female physicians had higher life expectancy than male physicians and the female general Finnish population, they did not show any clear deficit for cancer. In respect of all specialists, surgical specialists had the lowest mortality; general practitioners had the highest mortality. Most of these variations were attributable to differences in coronary mortality, but mortality from lung cancer was also remarkably low among surgeons. Differences of a similar type were also found between occupational sub-categories; private practitioners had the highest, and research workers and central hospital physicians the lowest mortality figures. The lower cancer mortality among male physicians, as contrasted with the general population, is probably attributable to differences in smoking habits; about 22% of male physicians smoked in 1973, whereas earlier studies by others have indicated that the corresponding proportion was about 50% in the general population. In contrast, the differences in mortality between different specialist categories probably arises from other factors, since Finnish physicians reportedly display a relatively homogeneous smoking pattern.
对1953年至1972年期间芬兰医生的总死亡率进行了分析，并与芬兰普通人群、芬兰铸造工人以及美国医生的相应统计数据进行了比较。结果发现，男医生的总体死亡率低于普通人群或铸造工人，但明显高于美国医生。男医生在心血管疾病和自杀方面与普通人群没有任何重大差异，但恶性肿瘤、事故和“其他疾病”（包括传染病）的死亡率较低。男医生癌症死亡率低于预期的主要原因在于肺癌死亡率较低。尽管女医生的预期寿命高于男医生和芬兰女性普通人群，但她们在癌症方面并未表现出明显的低死亡率。在所有专科医生中，外科专科医生的死亡率最低；全科医生的死亡率最高。这些差异大多归因于冠状动脉疾病死亡率的不同，但外科医生的肺癌死亡率也非常低。在职业亚类之间也发现了类似类型的差异；私人执业医生的死亡率最高，研究人员和中心医院医生的死亡率最低。与普通人群相比，男医生癌症死亡率较低可能归因于吸烟习惯的差异；1973年约22%的男医生吸烟，而其他人早期的研究表明普通人群中的相应比例约为50%。相比之下，不同专科类别之间的死亡率差异可能源于其他因素，因为据报道芬兰医生的吸烟模式相对一致。
