Duke B O
Bull World Health Organ. 1968;39(2):147-55.
Antimonial preparations (Pentostam, Neostibosan, stibophen, and tartar emetic) have occasionally been used in the treatment of onchocerciasis without very promising results. The advent of the preparations TWSb (stibocaptate) and MSbE (Friedheim) of allegedly reduced toxicity made it desirable to test them against Onchocerca volvulus.The action of both preparations on the parasites was found to vary from one patient to another, ranging from complete elimination of all parasites in a few cases to no detectable action in others. A microfilaricidal action was detectable in many patients, particularly after treatment with TWSb, which was used at higher doses than MSbE. A lethal or sterilizing action on some or all adult female worms was observed in some patients. However, toxic reactions to the drugs were common and distressing, and often it was necessary to stop treatment on this account. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and prostration were the most common manifestations, and there was one fatality from coincident yellow fever, which may well have been aggravated by antimony treatment.The uncertain action of these preparations on O. volvulus and the toxic manifestations that accompany their use render them unsuitable for the treatment of onchocerciasis, and it is probable that the effects of antimony on O. volvulus are produced only at or above the normal level of human tolerance.
锑制剂（喷他脒、新斯锑波散、胺苯硫脲和吐酒石）偶尔用于治疗盘尾丝虫病，但效果并不十分理想。据称毒性较低的制剂TWSb（司替卡品）和MSbE（弗里德海姆）的出现，使得有必要对它们进行抗盘尾丝虫的试验。结果发现，这两种制剂对寄生虫的作用因患者而异，从少数病例中所有寄生虫被完全清除到其他病例中未检测到任何作用。在许多患者中都检测到了杀微丝蚴作用，尤其是在用高于MSbE剂量的TWSb治疗后。在一些患者中观察到对部分或全部成年雌虫有致死或绝育作用。然而，药物的毒性反应很常见且令人痛苦，常常因此不得不停止治疗。厌食、恶心、呕吐和虚脱是最常见的表现，有1例因同时感染黄热病死亡，很可能锑治疗使其病情加重。这些制剂对盘尾丝虫的作用不确定，且使用时伴有毒性表现，因此不适合用于治疗盘尾丝虫病，而且锑对盘尾丝虫的作用可能仅在人体耐受的正常水平或高于该水平时才会产生。
