Stability and comparative transport capacity of cells, mureinoplasts, and true protoplasts of a gram-negative bacterium.

The outer layers of the cell envelope of a pseudomonad of marine origin were removed by washing the cells in 0.5 m NaCl followed by suspension in 0.5 m sucrose. The term mureinoplast has been suggested for the rod-shaped forms which resulted from this treatment. As previously established, these forms lacked the outer cell wall layers but still retained a rigid peptidoglycan structure. Mureinoplasts remained stable if suspended in a balanced salt solution containing 0.3 m NaCl, 0.05 m MgSO(4), and 0.01 m KCl but, unlike whole cells, lost ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing material if suspended in 0.5 m NaCl or 0.05 m MgCl(2). Sucrose added to the balanced salt solution also enhanced the loss of UV-absorbing material. Addition of lysozyme to suspensions of mureinoplasts in the balanced salt solution produced spherical forms which, by electron microscopy and the analysis of residual cell wall material, appeared to be true protoplasts. Only undamaged mureinoplasts, as judged by their capacity to fully retain alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, were capable of being converted to protoplasts. Protoplasts and undamaged mureinoplasts retained 100% transport capacity when compared to an equal number of whole cells. The Na(+) requirement for transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and the sparing action of Li(+) on this Na(+) requirement were the same for both protoplasts and whole cells. These observations indicate that, in this gram-negative bacterium, the cell wall does not participate in the transport process though it does stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane against changes in porosity produced by unbalanced salt solutions. The results also indicate that the requirements for Na(+) for transport and for the retention of intracellular solutes are manifested at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane.