1951年至1974年冰岛男性酗酒者的死亡率

J Stud Alcohol. 1979 Jul;40(7):704-18. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1979.40.704.

In close to 3000 alcoholics followed up from 4 to 24 years after first contact with a treatment facility, the death rate was more than double the expected rate; the rates of death due to accidents and suicides were 4 times the expected rates.

在首次接触治疗机构后4至24年随访的近3000名酗酒者中，死亡率比预期高出一倍多；意外事故和自杀导致的死亡率是预期的4倍。