Garraway W M, Stauffer R N, Kurland L T, O'Fallon W M
Mayo Clin Proc. 1979 Nov;54(11):701-7.
This population-based study revealed that 2,519 limb fractures occurring during a 3-year period produced an age-adjusted incidence rate for all limb fractures of 1,596 per 100,000 person-years. Fractures of the upper limb had a bimodal age distribution and were commoner than those of the lower limb, which had a J-shaped age distribution. The most frequent anatomic site was the lower end of the radius and ulna. Limb fractures occurred as solitary events in 93% of cases; only 4% were classified as open and more than half of the total were closed and undisplaced. Fractures were distributed evenly throughout all time periods of the day. The commonest place of fracture occurrence was the home, and the most important direct cause was falls, particularly in females. A wide range of sports activities were a major source of fractures, particularly in younger males. Underlying bone pathology was uncommon, other contributory causes being more important, particularly in the elderly. The increased ratio of metaphyseal to diaphyseal fractures with age indicated a relative loss of cancellous bone in the elderly, but no evidence was found to suggest that elderly women had reduced resistance of bone to impact forces in comparison with elderly men.
这项基于人群的研究表明，在3年期间发生的2519例四肢骨折产生了所有四肢骨折的年龄调整发病率，即每10万人年1596例。上肢骨折具有双峰年龄分布，并且比下肢骨折更常见，下肢骨折具有J形年龄分布。最常见的解剖部位是桡骨和尺骨下端。93%的病例中四肢骨折为单发事件；只有4%被归类为开放性骨折，超过一半的骨折为闭合性且无移位。骨折在一天的所有时间段中分布均匀。骨折发生最常见的地点是家中，最重要的直接原因是跌倒，尤其是在女性中。广泛的体育活动是骨折的主要来源，尤其是在年轻男性中。潜在的骨病理情况并不常见，其他促成因素更为重要，尤其是在老年人中。随着年龄增长，干骺端骨折与骨干骨折的比例增加表明老年人松质骨相对减少，但没有证据表明老年女性与老年男性相比，骨骼对冲击力的抵抗力降低。
