Stoll A M, Chianta M A, Piergallini J R
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1979 Aug;50(8):778-87.
To determine the maximum permissible temperature any material may attain without causing pain or burn on contact with bare skin, over 2000 observations were made of pain threshold during contact with materials at elevated temperatures. Six materials were used representing the full range of thermal properties from good conductors to good insulators. Time to pain threshold was converted to time to threshold blister on the basis of the relationship between pain and burn established earlier for radiant and for convective heating. Calculated times to blister were used to predict the material temperatures causative of "touch-burn". Experimentally produced threshold blisters at the predicted temperature-times verified the predictions. Graphs and equations were generated for determining safe temperatures for any material in contact with bare skin for 1-5 s solely from a knowledge of its thermal properties. Conversely, the thermal inertia (k rho c) of the optimal material for a specific use and skin contact can be predicted from a knowledge of the maximum material temperature and length of contact time anticipated.
为了确定任何材料在与裸露皮肤接触时不会引起疼痛或灼伤的最高允许温度，对在高温下与材料接触期间的疼痛阈值进行了2000多次观察。使用了六种材料，它们代表了从良导体到良绝缘体的全范围热性能。根据先前为辐射加热和对流加热建立的疼痛与灼伤之间的关系，将达到疼痛阈值的时间转换为达到阈值水泡的时间。计算出的水泡形成时间用于预测导致“接触性灼伤”的材料温度。在预测的温度-时间下通过实验产生的阈值水泡验证了这些预测。仅根据任何材料的热性能知识，就生成了图表和方程式，用于确定与裸露皮肤接触1至5秒的任何材料的安全温度。相反，根据预期的最高材料温度和接触时间长度的知识，可以预测特定用途和皮肤接触的最佳材料的热惯性（kρc）。
