Stoll A M
J Invest Dermatol. 1977 Sep;69(3):328-32. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12507865.
The thermal and physical properties of skin are reviewed briefly in the light of their relationship to skin functions and their influence on temperature measurement and related methodology. Thermal conductivity and epidermal thickness have a direct bearing on the majority of skin functions as these significantly affect heating rates, thermal pain thresholds, and blister formation, as will be seen from the experimental data. The accumulated data on both temperature and pain threshold are used to estimate epidermal thickness in the intact individual. The procedure to accomplish this end utilizes the measured thermal pain threshold, surface temperature, exposure time, and incident energy on a standardized skin site (volar surface of the forearm) to obtain conductivity values. These values are then used in a two-layer system heat flow equation to determine epidermal thickness in other skin sites (fingers) referred to the standard area. Systematic exposures to various materials at high temperatures in contact-burn studies provide data for checking the reliability of this procedure by alternative computations and comparison with predicted tissue temperatures derived from earlier work. Certainly, blister formation and physical measurement of the excised epidermis would provide direct verification of the accuracy of the procedure but these measures have not been undertaken. It is quite possible that over a period of time verification data could be accumulated incidentally in the clinic where skin grafting procedures are carried out. For this purpose only relatively simple measurements of skin temperature and pain threshold, as described herein, would be required to be performed on skin graft donors to provide epidermal thickness measurements for comparison with direct measurements of excised skin immediately after removal.
鉴于皮肤的热学和物理性质与皮肤功能的关系及其对温度测量和相关方法的影响，本文对其进行了简要综述。热导率和表皮厚度与大多数皮肤功能直接相关，因为它们会显著影响加热速率、热痛阈值和水泡形成，实验数据将表明这一点。关于温度和痛阈的累积数据用于估计完整个体的表皮厚度。实现这一目标的程序利用在标准化皮肤部位（前臂掌侧）测量的热痛阈值、表面温度、暴露时间和入射能量来获得电导率值。然后，这些值被用于双层系统热流方程，以确定相对于标准区域的其他皮肤部位（手指）的表皮厚度。在接触烧伤研究中，对各种材料在高温下进行系统暴露，通过替代计算并与早期工作得出的预测组织温度进行比较，为检验该程序的可靠性提供数据。当然，水泡形成和对切除表皮的物理测量将直接验证该程序的准确性，但尚未进行这些测量。很有可能在进行皮肤移植手术的临床环境中，随着时间的推移会偶然积累验证数据。为此，仅需按照本文所述，对皮肤移植供体进行相对简单的皮肤温度和痛阈测量，以提供表皮厚度测量值，以便与切除后立即进行的直接测量值进行比较。
