Pocock S J
Biometrics. 1979 Mar;35(1):183-97.
This article is intended as a practical guide to the various methods of patient assignment in clinical trials. Topics discussed include a critical appraisal of non-randomized studies, methods of restricted randomization such as random permuted blocks and the biased coin technique, the extent to which stratification is necessary and the methods available, the possible benefits of randomization with a greater proportion of patients on a new treatment, factorial designs, crossover designs, randomized consent designs and adaptive assignment procedures. With all this diversity of approach it needs to be remembered that the effective implementation and reliability of a relatively straightforward randomization scheme may be more important than attempting theoretical optimality with more complex designs.
本文旨在作为临床试验中患者分配各种方法的实用指南。讨论的主题包括对非随机研究的批判性评估、受限随机化方法，如随机排列区组和偏性硬币技术、分层的必要性程度及可用方法、新治疗方法中更多患者随机化的可能益处、析因设计、交叉设计、随机同意设计和适应性分配程序。面对如此多样的方法，需要记住的是，相对简单的随机化方案的有效实施和可靠性可能比尝试使用更复杂的设计追求理论最优性更为重要。
