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猿类能造出一个句子吗?

Can an ape create a sentence?

作者信息

Terrace H S, Petitto L A, Sanders R J, Bever T G

出版信息

Science. 1979 Nov 23;206(4421):891-902. doi: 10.1126/science.504995.

Abstract

More than 19,000 multisign utterances of an infant chimpanzee (Nim) were analyzed for syntactic and semantic regularities. Lexical regularities were observed in the case of two-sign combinations: particular signs (for example, more) tended to occur in a particular position. These regularities could not be attributed to memorization or to position habits, suggesting that they were structurally constrained. That conclusion, however, was invalidated by videotape analyses, which showed that most of Nim's utterances were prompted by his teacher's prior utterance, and that Nim interrupted his teachers to a much larger extent than a child interrupts an adult's speech. Signed utterances of other apes (as shown on films) revealed similar non-human patterns of discourse.

摘要

对一只幼年黑猩猩(尼姆)的19000多个多符号话语进行了句法和语义规律分析。在双符号组合的情况下观察到了词汇规律:特定的符号(例如,“更多”)倾向于出现在特定的位置。这些规律不能归因于记忆或位置习惯,这表明它们受到结构限制。然而,录像分析使这一结论无效,录像分析表明,尼姆的大多数话语都是由他的老师先前的话语引发的,而且尼姆打断老师的次数比孩子打断成年人讲话的次数要多得多。其他猿类的手语话语(如电影中所示)也揭示了类似的非人类话语模式。

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