Reddy C R, Kameswari V R, Ramulu C, Reddy P G
Br J Cancer. 1971 Sep;25(3):403-10. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1971.51.
One hundred and thirteen biopsies of the palate in people accustomed to smoking cigars, most of them with the burning end of the cigar inside the mouth, have been studied.Thirty-eight of these showed mild to severe atypical changes in the epithelium. There were 19 lesions showing orthokeratosis and 53 showing hyperorthokeratosis.The earliest atypical change is seen in the mouths of the ducts of the glands.There were 3 cases showing microinvasive carcinomas.Pigmentation is a prominent feature in these cases.The papules with umbilication could be due to hyperplasia of the mucous glands.It is suggested that stomatitis nicotina occurring in men and women with the habit of reverse smoking is probably precancerous because of the presence of atypical changes in the epithelium and also the finding of 3 microinvasive carcinomas without any macroscopic evidence.There is no acceptable explanation why the soft palate escapes getting either stomatitis nicotina lesion or carcinoma in reverse smokers.
对113例有抽雪茄习惯的人的腭部活检组织进行了研究，其中大多数人将雪茄燃烧端置于口腔内。其中38例显示上皮有轻度至重度非典型改变。有19个病变显示正角化，53个显示过度正角化。最早的非典型改变见于腺管开口处。有3例显示微浸润癌。色素沉着是这些病例的一个突出特征。有脐凹的丘疹可能是黏液腺增生所致。有人认为，有反向吸烟习惯的男性和女性发生的烟碱性口炎可能是癌前病变，因为上皮存在非典型改变，而且还发现了3例无任何肉眼可见证据的微浸润癌。对于反向吸烟者软腭为何既不发生烟碱性口炎病变也不发生癌，尚无合理的解释。
