Pindborg J J, Mehta F S, Gupta P C, Daftary D K, Smith C J
Br J Cancer. 1971 Mar;25(1):10-20. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1971.2.
In the district of Srikakulam in Andhra Pradesh in South India the habit of reverse smoking is widespread. In a house to house survey of oral cancer and precancerous conditions, comprising 10,169 villagers, 43·8% were reverse smokers; the female: male ratio being 1·7: 1. Ten previously undiagnosed cases of oral cancer, 9 located to palate, were found. The prevalences for leukoplakia, preleukoplakia and leukokeratosis nicotina palati were 4·9%, 2·9% and 9·5%. Of 497 leukoplakias, 422 were located to the palate and 413 of these patients had the habit of reverse smoking. Histologically, 80% of 381 palatal biopsies had a hyperorthokeratosis. Epithelial atypia was found in 15·3% of leukoplakias, in 3·6% of the preleukoplakias, and in 9·1% of leukokeratosis nicotina palati. Various explanations for the habit of reverse smoking are suggested and discussed. In addition to reverse smoking, other tobacco habits were also recorded; all habits and oral lesions were compared and have been discussed according to their apparent interrelationships and distribution by sex and age.
在印度南部安得拉邦的斯里卡库拉姆地区，反向吸烟的习惯很普遍。在一项对10169名村民进行的口腔癌及癌前病变的挨家挨户调查中，43.8%的人是反向吸烟者，男女比例为1.7:1。发现了10例先前未被诊断出的口腔癌病例，其中9例位于腭部。白斑、白斑前期和腭部尼古丁性白角化病的患病率分别为4.9%、2.9%和9.5%。在497例白斑病例中，422例位于腭部，其中413例患者有反向吸烟的习惯。组织学上，381例腭部活检中有80%表现为过度正角化。在白斑病例中，15.3%有上皮异型性，白斑前期病例中有3.6%，腭部尼古丁性白角化病病例中有9.1%。文中提出并讨论了对反向吸烟习惯的各种解释。除了反向吸烟外，还记录了其他烟草使用习惯；对所有习惯和口腔病变进行了比较，并根据它们明显的相互关系以及性别和年龄分布进行了讨论。
