Galle P, Berry J P, Lefevre R
Scan Electron Microsc. 1979(2):703-10.
Three microanalytical methods have been used : X-ray emission, secondary ion emission and electron energy loss analysis. Althouth X-ray microanalysis is the most used method, many biological problems cannot be solved because of its relatively low sensitivity and inability to analyze light elements. New possibilities are offered by Secondary Ion Mass Analysis and Electron Energy Loss Analysis. Analysis by secondary ion emission permits the study of elements at low and even trace element concentration, and even the lightest elements such as hydrogen and beryllium are detected. Electron Energy Loss Analysis makes possible the study of very small volumes, less than 500 A in diameter. These methods have been applied to the study of a variety of biological tissues (mostly lungs, kidneys and biomineralized tissues) and typical applications to pathology and cell biology will be presented.
X射线发射、二次离子发射和电子能量损失分析。尽管X射线微分析是最常用的方法，但由于其相对较低的灵敏度以及无法分析轻元素，许多生物学问题仍无法解决。二次离子质谱分析和电子能量损失分析提供了新的可能性。通过二次离子发射进行分析，可以研究低浓度甚至痕量元素的情况，甚至可以检测到最轻的元素，如氢和铍。电子能量损失分析使得研究直径小于500埃的非常小的体积成为可能。这些方法已应用于多种生物组织（主要是肺、肾和生物矿化组织）的研究，并将展示其在病理学和细胞生物学方面的典型应用。
