Roggli V L, Ingram P, Linton R W, Gutknecht W F, Mastin P, Shelburne J D
Environ Health Perspect. 1984 Jun;56:163-83. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8456163.
The recent technological revolution in the field of imaging techniques has provided pathologists and toxicologists with an expanding repertoire of analytical techniques for studying the interaction between the lung and the various exogenous materials to which it is exposed. Analytical problems requiring elemental sensitivity or specificity beyond the range of that offered by conventional scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis are particularly appropriate for the application of these newer techniques. Electron energy loss spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and laser microprobe mass analysis each offer unique advantages in this regard, but also possess their own limitations and disadvantages. Diffraction techniques provide crystalline structural information available through no other means. Bulk chemical techniques provide useful cross-checks on the data obtained by microanalytical approaches. It is the purpose of this review to summarize the methodology of these techniques, acknowledge situations in which they have been used in addressing problems in pulmonary toxicology, and comment on the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It is necessary for an investigator to weigh each of these factors when deciding which technique is best suited for any given analytical problem; often it is useful to employ a combination of two or more of the techniques discussed. It is anticipated that there will be increasing utilization of these technologies for problems in pulmonary toxicology in the decades to come.
成像技术领域最近的技术革命为病理学家和毒理学家提供了越来越多的分析技术，用于研究肺与它所接触的各种外源性物质之间的相互作用。对于那些需要超出传统扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线分析所能提供范围的元素灵敏度或特异性的分析问题，这些更新的技术尤为适用。电子能量损失谱、俄歇电子能谱、二次离子质谱和激光微探针质谱在这方面各自具有独特的优势，但也有其自身的局限性和缺点。衍射技术能提供通过其他方式无法获得的晶体结构信息。整体化学技术对通过微分析方法获得的数据提供了有用的交叉验证。本综述的目的是总结这些技术的方法，确认它们在解决肺部毒理学问题中所使用的情况，并对每种方法的相对优缺点进行评论。对于研究者来说，在决定哪种技术最适合任何给定的分析问题时，有必要权衡这些因素中的每一个；通常，采用两种或更多所讨论的技术的组合是有用的。预计在未来几十年里，这些技术在肺部毒理学问题上的应用将会越来越多。
